組織図とは何か
An organizational chart, also called an organizational chart or organizational tree, is a visual representation of the hierarchical structure within an organization. Employees use organizational charts to visualize the reporting structure of the company's many roles and departments.
Managers can also use org charts to assess the responsibilities of different roles before and after a restructuring period. Org charts are also useful for mapping groups across divisions in large companies, from volunteer organizations to genealogical trees.
In addition to its obvious use of visualizing report structure, org charts are practical tools that can be used in many situations, including:
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Evaluate functioning of departments and employees
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Interdepartmental project planning
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Plan and evaluate restructuring efforts
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Track individual employee and manager workload to determine who is doing too much or too little
The easiest way to read an org chart is from top to bottom. Most org charts are pyramidal, with the highest ranking people at the top. Each stage is a management level, so the diagram expands as you map the lower levels of your organization. Lines connecting shapes indicate reporting relationships.
Word で組織図を作成する方法
The easiest way to create an org chart in Microsoft Word from scratch is with the SmartArt tool included in all versions from 2010 onwards. SmartArt offers a variety of shape tools to create and customize your charts.
In addition to the step-by-step instructions listed below, there is also a short video explaining each step to create the most effective org chart for your organization.
To create an org chart: You can also consider using our free org chart template to save time .
Note: All screenshots in this article are from Microsoft Word for Mac 2011. Other versions of Word have variations in how the items are displayed, but the steps are similar. You can also create an org chart using his SmartArt feature in Excel .
- Open a blank Microsoft Word document, click the Insert tab, click SmartArt > Hierarchy > Org Chart .
- The top shape (rectangle in this example) indicates the length of the tissue. Click the shape (you may need to move or hide the text window) and type the person's name. Press Return or Shift+Return to start a new line and enter your job title or other information. The text will automatically resize to fit inside the shape.
- The shape just below the top is for your assistant. Click the shape and enter your assistant's information.
- The next line of graphics is for people who report to the leader of the organization. Click each one and enter the information for each person.
Using the text window
In addition to adding and editing text in shapes (also called AutoShapes), you can also add or edit text in the Text window.
An L-shaped icon in the text window represents an assistant. Bullet points correspond to all other statuses.
The Text window is the easiest way to add or remove new shapes and move shapes up and down. If the text window is not visible , click the text window tab (marked in red in the image below).
Word で組織図に変更を加える方法
Once you've created your org chart in Microsoft Word, you can easily change shapes, colors, and fonts using SmartArt. Here's how to change shapes, add or change colors and images, and change report lines.
Add Shape: Select a shape (the default shape is a rectangle) and click the plus button in the text window. New shapes are added in the same row as the selected shapes. A few notes:
- If no shape is selected, the new shape will not be connected to other shapes and will appear at the same level as the top shape in the org chart.
- If you select Direct Reports when adding the shape, the new shape will also appear in Direct Reports in the same position.
Add an assistant: If your org chart already contains an assistant, select that shape and follow the instructions above to add the shape to the text window.
If the Assistant box has been removed, or if you need an assistant in a different location, click the shape you want to add the new assistant shape to, click SmartArt on the ribbon, click Organization Chart > Assistant Click Add .
Resize a shape: Click the shape and drag a corner or side handle to make it bigger or smaller.
Add direct reports: Right-click the shape, click Add Shape, and select Add Shape Below . The new shape will be placed in the lower position.
Delete a shape : Click the shape (in an area that does not contain text) and click the minus button in the text window.
Change text: Just like changing any other text in Word. Highlight text and change the font, color, size, or anything else using the options on the Home tab.
Change the shape background : Right-click the shape, click Format Shape > Fill , and choose an option.
Change layout : Click the Hierarchical Structure menu in the SmartArt ribbon to change the layout of your org chart.
Change the design : Select your org chart and choose an option from the SmartArt graphic styles . These options vary depending on the layout selected.
Add a photo : If you want to include a photo of the person for each job title, you can add it as a background image (see "Changing a shape's background" above).
Another option is to add an image for each job title by selecting the Hierarchy with Circular Images layout and clicking the placeholder to insert the image.
Adding a photo looks like this:
Change Relationship: The easiest way to change a relationship (for example, if a person moves to a new manager) is to remove the shape from under the previous manager and add a new shape under the new manager. Follow the Remove Shapes and Add Shapes steps above.
Add Line : You can add a shape that links to another shape and have a connecting line.
組織図の設計に関する一部の考慮事項
The default design works well in most situations, but you can also customize the appearance of each element in your chart. To keep your org chart easy to read, it's best to keep your design consistent and simple.
Not all charts include job titles, but it is common to list the person's name followed by the job title on a separate line. If Job Title is required first, enter the information in that order.
組織図完成後にできること
Once your org chart is complete, finalize the layout and share it with others. Save it as an online document to send or share, or print it to use as handouts at meetings or onboarding new employees.
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Save the chart as an image : Right-click the chart and click Save as Picture. Including an image as part of a web page or importing it into a document is easy.
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Print your org chart: If your org chart isn't too big, make sure it fits on one page. Use print settings and page margins to see if it fits. The graph can then be printed and distributed.
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View in landscape mode : Some charts are easier to read in landscape mode. From the Layout menu in Word, select Page Setup, then Orientation, and click Landscape.
Word でオーガノグラムを作成する方法
Organogram is another word for organizational chart, mainly used in the UK. To create an organogram in Microsoft Word, follow the same steps to create an organization chart using SmartArt tools.
組織図に関するよくある質問
There are many commonly asked questions, such as which program is best for making org charts and when org charts are most useful. Below is a summary of the answers to these questions.
What other programs can be used to create an org chart?
Microsoft Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook all use the same SmartArt tools as Word, so you can also use these programs to create org charts. Outside the Microsoft Office family you can use Visio, LucidChart, OrgPlus, OrgWeaver, Pingboard, OrgChart4U and more. However, the popularity of Microsoft Office and the ease of use of SmartArt features make creating an org chart in Word or another Microsoft Office product the easiest option for most people.
Where did the org chart come from?
Engineer Daniel McCallum and artist George Holt Henshaw are credited with creating the org chart in its current form. Their charts showed the organization of the New York and Erie Railroad, including both the positions each person held and where each person worked.
The term "organizational chart" entered the English vocabulary at the beginning of the 20th century, reaching its peak usage in the 1960s. The term is still commonly used today.
What are some situations where an org chart is difficult to use?
Organizational charts do not include information related to budgeting, tracking informal communication channels, or showing the complexity of day-to-day operations. Maintaining an org chart can be a burden for organizations that employ a large number of temporary or contract workers with high turnover. An employee list may be more effective in this situation.
Smartsheet で組織図を作成して、より良い意思決定を迅速に行う
ニーズに合わせ変化に対応できるようデザインされた、柔軟性のあるプラットフォームで、チームの能力を最大限に引き出しましょう。 Smartsheet プラットフォームなら、いつでもどこでも簡単に作業の計画、保存、管理、およびレポート作成が可能なため、チームはより効率的かつ効果的に仕事を進めることができるようになります。作業に関して主要なメトリックを表示したり、リアルタイムの可視性を提供したりするために、ロールアップ レポート、ダッシュボード、および自動化されたワークフローを作成する機能も装備されており、チーム メンバーをつないで情報共有を促進することが可能です。 やるべきことを明確にすると、チームの生産性と作業達成能力が向上します。ぜひこの機会に Smartsheet を無料でお試しください。